INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter 1 FEATURES OF POETIC TRANSLATION 5
1.1 What is poetry 5
1.2 Criteria of poetic translation 9
Chapter 2 POETRY TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES 11
2.1 Methods of poetry translation 11
2.2 Losses and gains as main issue of poetic translation 17
CONCLUSION 20
BIBLIOGRAPHY 22
Appendix 1 23
INTRODUCTION 3
I THE CONCEPT OF SLOGANS 5
1.1 Definitions of advertising slogans 5
1.2 Phonological aspect 10
1.3 Classifications and functions of slogans 12
II THE LINGUISTIC PECULIARITIES OF TRADEMARK SLOGANS IN ENGLISH 14
2.1. Semantic aspect 14
2.2 Syntactic aspect 17
2.3 The linguistic means and peculiarities of their functioning in the advertising text. Slogan as an instrument for shaping the emotional image 22
CONCLUSION 42
BIBLIOGRAPHY 44
Appendix 1 46
Appendix 2 47
Appendix 3 48
1. THEORETICAL ASPECT OF METAPHOR 5
1.1 The definition of metaphor 5
1.2 Classification of metaphor 8
1.3 The way of creating new words due to metaphor 13
2. ANALYSIS OF USING METAPHOR AS A SOURCE OF SYNONYMY 20
2.1 Types of metaphor used for synonyms creation 20
2.2 Peculiarities of using metaphor in different functional styles 24
2.3 Metaphor as a source of synonymy in belles- lettres style 31
CONCLUSION 35
REFERENCES 37
INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER I THEORETICAL BASIS OF TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS 5
1.1 Concept of translation transformation 5
1.2 Lexical transformation. 7
1.2.1 Differentiation and concretization 13
1.2.2 Generalization 14
1.2.3. Compensation 14
1.2.4 Semantic development 16
1.2.5. Addition 19
1.2.6. Omission 20
CHAPTER II APPLICATION OF LEXICAL TRANSFORMATIOM IN POLITICAL TEXTS 21
2.1 Concretization 21
2.2 Generalization 21
2.3 Addition 22
2.4 Omission 24
2.5 Semantic development 25
2.6 Antonymic translation 25
2.7 Compensation 26
BIBLIOGRAPHY 29
APPENDIX 30
INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter I THE BRIEF SURVEY OF HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 5
1.2 Short survey of English origin 5
1.2 Development of regional variants 16
Chapter II COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL PECULIARITIES OF AMARICAN, CANADIAN, AUSTRALIAN AND INDIAN VARIANTS OF ENGLISH 18
2.1 Standard variety of English language 18
2.2 Analysis of lexical peculiarities of American, Canadian, Australian and Indian variants of English 20
CONCLUSION 30
REFERENCES 32
INTRODUCTION 3
1. STYLE AS A SPECIFIC PROBLEM OF LITERARY AND INFORMATIVE TRANSLATION 5
1.1 Basic notion regarding style 5
1.2 Classification of Functional styles 8
2. INFORMATIVE TRANSLATION AND ITS PECULIARITIES 12
2.1 Main types of translation 12
2.2 Differences of informative translation from literary one 14
2.3 Peculiarities of informative text translation 19
CONCLUSION 26
List of Literature 28
Introduction 3
Chapter 1. Social and cultural aspects of speech etiquette 5
1.1 Cultural aspect 5
1.2 Language etiquette 9
Chapter 2. Peculiarities of English speech etiquette 14
2.1 Greetings formulas 14
2.2 Forms of address 16
2.3 Farewell address 19
2.4 Formulas used during telephone conversation 22
2.5 Request, agreement and permission formulas 28
Conclusion 33
List of Literature 35
Appendix 1 Greetings 38
Appendix 2 Forms of address 39
INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter 1 “FALSE FRIENDS” AS ONE OF THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE TRANSLATION THEORY 5
1.1 General notion regarding “false friends of translator” 5
1.2 "False friends" and their relation to metaphor, metonymy and polysemy 11
Chapter 2 PECULIARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF “FALSE FRIENDS” 14
2.1 The role of dictionaries in translation "false friends" 14
2.2 Methods of “false friends” translation 16
CONCLUSION 26
BIBLIOGRAPHY 28
Appendix 1 31
INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter I THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH 5
1.1The history of the formation of English 5
1.2 Borrowings in Old English vocabulary 10
Chapter II ANALYSIS OF OLD ENGLISH VOCABULARY 16
2.1 The sources of vocabulary 16
2.2 Analyze of verbs in Old English 17
2.3 Complex analysis of semantic basis of Old English nouns 19
2.4 Old English compounds 23
BIBLIOGRAPHY 28
INTRODUCTION 3
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WORD AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LANGUAGE 5
1.1 The definition of the word 5
1.2 Phonetic, Morphological And Semantic Motivation Of Words 8
2. GENERAL PROBLEMS OF WORD THEORY 12
2.1 The problem of polysemy of English words (on the basis of technical terms) 12
2.3 The problem of neology 15
CONCLUSION 23
REFERENCES 25
Appendix 27