INTRODUCTION 4
CHAPTER I. PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF ENGLISH. 9
1.1 How to Distinguish Phraseological Units from Free Word-Groups. 9
1.2 Similarity and Differences between a Phraseological Unit and a Word 11
1.3 Syntactical and Morphological Divisibility of Phraseological Units 13
CHAPTER II. PRINCIPLES OF CLASSIFICATION. THE SOURCES OF IDIOMS 15
2.1 The Sources of Idioms. V.V. Vinogradov’s Classification of Translating Phraseological Units 15
2.2 Various Approaches to the Study of Phraseology and the Problem of Classification 20
2.3 The Structural Principle of Classifying Phraseological Units 22
2.4 The Classification System of Phraseological Units Suggested by Professor A. V. Koonin 24
2.5 The Problem of Semantic Equivalents and Analogues 25
CHAPTER III. CHANGEABLE AND UNCHANGEABLE SET XPRESSIONS. PHRASEOLOGICAL AND NONPHRASEOLOGICAL TRANSLATION 29
3.1 The Peculiarities of Translation of Phraseological Units 29
3.2 Ways of Translating Phraseological Units. Translating Proverbs, Sayings, Familiar Quotations and Clichés 35
3.3 The Usage of Phraseological Units in Practice. Phraseological Units Involving Animals, Colours, Parts of the Body 41
3.4 Ways of Translating Proverbs in English, Russian, Kazakh Languages. The Usage of Phraseological Units at University 43
CONCLUSION 52
BIBLIOGRAPHY 55
APPENDIX 1 57
APPENDIX 2 60