INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter I ORIGIN OF MIDDLE ENGLISH 5
1.1 Inheritance and borrowing 5
1.2 Word formation 9
Chapter II ANALYZE OF SCANDINAVIAN AND FRENCH INFLUENCE ON THE VOCABULARY IN MIDDLE ENGLISH 22
2.1 Analyze of Scandinavian influence on the vocabulary in Middle English and its connection with modern changes in the language 22
2.2 Analyze of French influence on the vocabulary in Middle English and its connection with modern changes in the language 26
CONCLUSION 33
BIBLIOGRAPHY 35

INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………. 3
Chapter I GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT HOMONYMS…………… 5
1.1 Concept of homonymy……………………………………………………. 5
1.2 Classification of homonyms……………………………………………… 6
1.3 Problems of homonymy…………………………………………………... 8
1.4 Diachronic approach to homonyms………………………………………. 13
Chapter II ANALYSIS OF HOMONYMS…………………………………… 14
2.1 Practical approach in studying homonyms……………………………….. 14
2.2 Polysemy and homonymy: etymological and semantic criteria 18
2.3 Homonyms in the book of Lewis Carroll “Alice in Wonderland” ………… 22
CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………. 27
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………….. 29

INTRODUCTION 3
1. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 5
1.1 The English vocabulary as a system 5
1.2 Stylistic classification of English vocabulary 10
1.3 General notion about terminological systems 13
2. USE OF SPECIAL TERMINOLOGY IN DIFFERENT PROFFESSIONAL SPHERES 18
2.1Peculiarities of scientific and technical terminology 18
2.2 The role of terminology in official documents (economic, legal and etc.) 21
2.3 Use of medical terms 27
CONCLUSION 32
REFERENCES 35

Introduction. 3

1 History and main characteristics of the English phonetics. 6

1.1 History of phonology in the New English period. 6

1.2 Characteristics of Modern English Period. 11

2 Analysis of phonetic system peculiarities of the New English period. 14

2.1 Intonation and Word Stress in the New English period. 14

2.2 New English Vowels. 15

2.3 New English Consonants. 21

Conclusion. 29

Bibliography 31

INTRODUCTION 3
I. TESTING IN TEACHING PROCESS 5
1.1 Aim of testing and evaluating of pupils’ activity 5
1.2 Background of testing as a form of control 7
II. EVALUATING PUPIL’S ACTIVITY 12
2.1 Checking answers 12
2.2 Checking understanding 14
2.3 Error correction in language teaching 17
2.4 The cloze test and gap-filling tests 18
2.5 Advantages and disadvantages of testing in the English classroom 20
CONCLUSION 23
BIBLIOGRAPHY: 26

INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter 1 FEATURES OF POETIC TRANSLATION 5
1.1 What is poetry 5
1.2 Criteria of poetic translation 9
Chapter 2 POETRY TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES 11
2.1 Methods of poetry translation 11
2.2 Losses and gains as main issue of poetic translation 17
CONCLUSION 20
BIBLIOGRAPHY 22
Appendix 1 23

INTRODUCTION 3
I THE CONCEPT OF SLOGANS 5
1.1 Definitions of advertising slogans 5
1.2 Phonological aspect 10
1.3 Classifications and functions of slogans 12
II THE LINGUISTIC PECULIARITIES OF TRADEMARK SLOGANS IN ENGLISH 14
2.1. Semantic aspect 14
2.2 Syntactic aspect 17
2.3 The linguistic means and peculiarities of their functioning in the advertising text. Slogan as an instrument for shaping the emotional image 22
CONCLUSION 42
BIBLIOGRAPHY 44
Appendix 1 46
Appendix 2 47
Appendix 3 48

1. THEORETICAL ASPECT OF METAPHOR 5
1.1 The definition of metaphor 5
1.2 Classification of metaphor 8
1.3 The way of creating new words due to metaphor 13
2. ANALYSIS OF USING METAPHOR AS A SOURCE OF SYNONYMY 20
2.1 Types of metaphor used for synonyms creation 20
2.2 Peculiarities of using metaphor in different functional styles 24
2.3 Metaphor as a source of synonymy in belles- lettres style 31
CONCLUSION 35
REFERENCES 37

INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER I THEORETICAL BASIS OF TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS 5
1.1 Concept of translation transformation 5
1.2 Lexical transformation. 7
1.2.1 Differentiation and concretization 13
1.2.2 Generalization 14
1.2.3. Compensation 14
1.2.4 Semantic development 16
1.2.5. Addition 19
1.2.6. Omission 20
CHAPTER II APPLICATION OF LEXICAL TRANSFORMATIOM IN POLITICAL TEXTS 21
2.1 Concretization 21
2.2 Generalization 21
2.3 Addition 22
2.4 Omission 24
2.5 Semantic development 25
2.6 Antonymic translation 25
2.7 Compensation 26
BIBLIOGRAPHY 29
APPENDIX 30

INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter I THE BRIEF SURVEY OF HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 5
1.2 Short survey of English origin 5
1.2 Development of regional variants 16
Chapter II COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL PECULIARITIES OF AMARICAN, CANADIAN, AUSTRALIAN AND INDIAN VARIANTS OF ENGLISH 18
2.1 Standard variety of English language 18
2.2 Analysis of lexical peculiarities of American, Canadian, Australian and Indian variants of English 20
CONCLUSION 30
REFERENCES 32