Introduction 3
Chapter 1. Word Combinations and Their Types 6
1.1. The Role and Problems of Word Combinations in Translation 6
1.2. Types of Word Combinations 11
Chapter 2. Various Set Expressions Used in Translation in English and in Russian Language 18
2.1. Phraseological Units 18
2.2. Attributive Groups 22
2.2. Social-Politic Word Combinations 24
Conclusion 29
Bibliography 31

INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter I MAIN TYPES OF WRITTEN TRANSLATION 5
1.1 General characteristic of written translation 5
1.2 Translation and interpretation 8
1.3 Peculiarities and problems of written translation 14
Chapter II FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF WRITTEN TRANSLATION 17
2.1 Peculiarities of literary translation 17
2.2 Peculiarities of informative translation 26
CONCLUSION 33
LIST OF LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION 3

CHAPTER I TYPES OF ABBREVIATIONS 5
1.1 Shortenings of spoken words 5
1.2 Graphical abbreviations: acronyms 12
1.3 Secondary ways of word-building: sound interchange 18
1.4 Blending of words 19
1.5 Back formation 19
1.6 Back formation as a source for shortening words 20

CHAPTER II THE OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE ABBREVIATIONS 21
2.1 Formulation of Abbreviations 21
2.2 The types of acronyms 22
2.3 Difference between acronym and initialism 24
2.4 English Contractions 25

CONCLUSION 27

BIBLIOGRAPHY 28

APPENDIX

INTRODUCTION 3
I GENERAL ISSUES OF ORAL TRANSLATION 4
1.1 Types of oral translation 4
1.2 Problems of oral translation 8
Conclusion to I part 14
2.1 Translator’s note-takings 16
2.2 Linguistic peculiarities of simultaneous translation 22
2.3 Language compression 25
Conclusion to II part 30
CONCLUSION 31
BIBLIOGRAPHY 33

INTRОDUСTIОN 3
I GЕNЕRАL NОTIОN RЕGАRDING ЕNGLISH СОMРОUND VЕRBS 5
1.1 Thе dеfinitiоn аnd funсtiоn оf thе Vеrb 5
1.2 Histоrу оf Соmроund vеrbs 6
1.3 Thе struсturе аnd mеаning оf рhrаsаl vеrbs 7
1.4 Саtеgоriеs оf Рhrаsаl vеrbs 8
1.5 Сlаssifiсаtiоn оf Соmроund vеrbs 9
II TRАNSLАTIОN ОF ЕNGLISH СОMРОUND VЕRBS 14
2.1 Ресuliаritiеs оf trаnslаtiоn 14
2.2 Аnаlуsis оf trаnslаtiоn оf Еnglish соmроund vеrbs 16
СОNСLUSIОN 21
RЕFЕRЕNСЕS 22
Арреndix А 23

INTRODUCTION 3
1 DEFINITION OF ETIQUETTE 5
1.1 Rules of Etiquette 5
1.2 The British Communication Style 6
1.3 Social and Cultural Aspects of Speech Etiquette 11
2 SPEECH ETIQUETTE FORMULAS IN TRANSLATION 17
2.1 Norm of Translation 17
2.2 Verbal gaps: Silent Reactions - Omissions in Translations 21
Transformations 23
2.3 Etiquette for Translators 24
CONCLUSION 30
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX

INTRODUCTION 3
CHAPTER I EVALUATION OF TRANSLATING ACTIVITY AND ENSURING GOOD QUALITY OF TRANSLATION 5
1.1 Creating a quality plan 5
1.2 Evaluating translators 6
1.3 Industry standards 8
Conclusion to part I 15
CHAPTER II ETHICAL CONDUCT WITHIN THE TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETING PROFESSIONS 17
2.1 Translator and interpreter professional qualifications 17
2.2 Setting the Ethical Standards For The Profession 22
2.2.1 General Ethics Principles 22
Conclusion to part II 28
CONCLUSION 30
BIBLIOGRAPHY 32

INTRODUCTION 3
1. PECULIARITIES AND TYPES OF PUBLICISTIC STYLE 5
1.1. Oratory and Speeches 5
1.2. The Essay and Journalistic Articles 10
2. TRANSLATION OF PUBLICISTIC GENRE TEXTS 13
2.1. Principles of Governmental Publicity Translation 13
2.2. Translation and Analysis of Advertisements 14
2.3. Strategies Employed in Translating Figures of Rhetoric in Headlines 19
2.4. Newspaper Publicistic Style Peculiarities 22
CONCLUSION 25
BIBLIOGRAPHY 27
APPENDIX

Introduction 4
Chapter 1. Phraseology as an Expressive Part of Language's Vocabulary 7
1.1. Definition and Characteristics of Phraseology 7
1.2. Ways of Forming Phraseological Units 11
1.3. Classification of Phraseological Idioms 13
Chapter 2. The Problems of Proverbs Translation from Russian into English 20
1.1. Proverbs and Idioms Translation Difficulties 20
1.2. Synonymous statements and emphasis 24
1.3. Indices for Interpretation 28
1.4. Proverbs and its Means 30
Conclusion 35
Bibliography 37

INTRODUCTION 3
1. GENERAL NOTION ABOUT PROPER NAMES 5
1.1 Definition of the proper name 5
1.2 Classification and identification of proper names 9
2. TRANSLATION WAYS OF PROPER NAMES 13
2.1 Problems in translating proper names 13
2.2 Methods of translation of proper names 15
2.2.1 Transcription and transliteration 20
2.2.2 Loan Translation 27
2.2.3 Omission 32
CONCLUSION 37
REFERENCES 39