INTRODUCTION 3
1 THE NATIONAL COLOURED WORDS AS AN OBJECT OF LINGUISTICS 5
1.1 The notion of national colored words 5
1.2 Their main characteristics and classifications 14
2. ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL COLORED WORDS TRANSLATION FROM ENGLISH INTO RUSSIAN 16
2.1 Methods used during translation of national colored words 16
2.2 Analysis of translation of national colored words 23
CONCLUSION 28
BIBLIOGRAPHY 30

Introduction 3
1 Peculiarities and problems of translation in cinema 5
1.1 Dubbing and Subtitling 5
1.2 Cultural Transmission and Reception of Cinema Translation 9
2 Translation and comparison of film titles 13
2.1 Types and Functions of Movie Titles 13
2.2 Difficulties in Translating Titles 15
Conclusion 28
Bibliography 30

INTRODUCTION 4
Chapter I THEORY OF WAYS AND STRATEGIES OF TRANSLATION 6
1.1 Ways of translation 6
1.2 Strategies of translation 11
Chapter II ANALYSIS OF WAYS AND STRATEGIES OF TRANSLATION 20
2.1 Translation Equivalence and Methods of Its Approaching 20
2.2 Machine Translation Quality 23
BIBLIOGRAPHY 31

INTRODUCTION 3
Chapter I GENERAL NOTION REGARDING TYPES OF WRITTEN TRANSLATION 4
1.1 Main types of translating activity: Translation and Interpreting 4
1.2 Literary translation as a type of written translation 4
1.3 Basic notion about informative translation 7
Chapter II PECULIARITIES OF TYPES AND SUB-TYPES OF WRITTEN TRANSLATION 12
2.1 Types of literary translation 12
2.1.1 Translation of poetry 12
2.1.2 Peculiarities of fiction text translation 15
2.1.3 Drama and it’s translation 17
2.2 Informative translation and it’s types 18
2.2.1 Scientific and technical texts translation 18
2.2.2 Peculiarities of newspaper materials translation 21
2.2.3 Official documents translation 26
CONCLUSION 31
BIBLIOGRAPHY 34

INTRODUCTION 4

CHAPTER 1. TRANSLATION STUDY AND ITS TYPES 6
1.1. A Brief Outline of Translation Theory 6
1.2. Main Types of Translation 9
1.3. Differences between Oral and Written Translation 12

CHAPTER 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF WRITTEN TRANSLATION TYPES 14
2.1. Written Translation Procedures, Strategies and Methods 14
2.2. Analysis of Written Translation of the Novel “Theater” by Somerset Maugham 19

CONCLUSION 30
BIBLIOGRAPHY 31
APPENDIX 32

INTRODUCTION 4

Chapter I: GENERAL NOTION ABOUT CONTEXT 6
1.1. What is Translation? The Types of Translation 6
1.2 Approaches to Context Definition 9
1.3 The Role of Context in Translation 15

Chapter II: TYPES OF CONTEXTUAL TRANSLATION 18
2.1. The Language Context and the Communicative Competence 18
2.2. The types of Context Translation 20
2.3. The connection between context-bound words and context-free words 26

CONCLUSION 31
BIBLIOGRAPHY 33
APPENDICES 35

Introduction 3
1 Content and Peculiarities of the Juridical Texts 4
1.1 Characteristics of Juridical Texts in English Language 4
1.2 Peculiarities of Juridical Translation 8
2 Analysis of Translation of Legal Texts 15
2.1 Peculiarities of Translation of Juridical Terms 15
2.2 Analysis of Translation of Juridical Text 19
Bibliography 29
Appendix A

1. THE HISTΟRY ΟF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 5
1.1. Status οf the English language priοr tο Nοrman Cοnquest 5
1.1.1 Influence οf οther languages 5
1.1.1.1 Latin influence 6
1.1.1.2 Nοrse influence 7
1.1.1.3 Celtic influence 7
1.2 Nοrman Cοnquest and the Middle English (ME) 7
2. INFLUENCE ΟF NΟRMAN INVASIΟN ΟN TΟ THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 12
2.1 Grammatical changes 12
2.2 Phοnοlοgical prοcesses during ME 14
2.3 Lexical influence οf Nοrmans 15
2.4 Analysis оf A Middle English Text 19
CΟNCLUSIΟN 23
REFERENCES 25
Appendix А 27
Appendix B 31
Appendix C 37
Appendix D 38
Appendix E 39
Appendix F 40

Introduction 3
1 Characteristics of English Word Order 5
1.1 English Word Order Development 5
1.2 The Structure of The Sentence 6
1.3 Parts of the Sentence 11
2 The Problem of the Word Order Change 16
2.1 Problem of Inversion in Word Order 16
2.2 Transposition and Substitution of the Translation of A.Miln’s Book “Winnie-the-Pooh” 23
2.3 Translation of Sandra Brown “Long Time Coming” 25
Conclusion 30
Bibliography 32

Introduction 3
Part 1. General information about linguistic metaphor and linguistic metonymy 5
1.1 The concept of linguistic metaphor, its functions and features 5
1.1.1 Historical Overview 5
1.1.2 Metaphors Reloaded 7
1.2 The notion of linguistic metonymy, its characteristics 12
1.2.1 Definition and examples of metonymy 12
1.2.2 Non-conventional metonyms 15
1.2.3 Conventional metonyms 15
1.2.4. Metaphorical metonyms 17
1.3 The distinction of linguistic metaphor and metonymy 20
Conclusion to the 1st part 22
Part 2. The analysis of linguistic metaphors and metonymies in the works by Charlotte Brontë and Charles Dickens. 23
2.1 Linguistic metaphors and metonymies in the work by Charlotte Brontё “Jane Eyre” 23
2.2 Linguistic metaphors and metonymies in the work by Charles Dickens “Great Expectations” 25
2.3 Comparative analysis of linguistic metaphors and metonymies in the works of Charlotte Brontё and Charles Dickens 33
Conclusion to the 2nd part 35